Topical and transdermal drugs are employed with the twofold objectives of minimizing the systemic uptake and concentrating the action at the site within the skin. They are advantageous for the patient because complications as first-pass metabolism, toxicity, and side effects are attenuated. However, the lack for a real-time measurement of the actual delivered drug affects the clinical concept of posology itself. This Lecture starts with a background on Impedance Spectroscopy and a state of the art of previous experience on diagnostics of prosthesis osseointegration for dentistry and audiology, as well as of beam monitoring in particle accelerators at CERN. Then, a unified framework is presented for measuring the amount of a substance delivered in a tissue through an impedance variation. Measurement of impedance variation normalized to pre-delivered value is proven to be suitable for assessing the amount of drug penetrated into the skin after transdermal delivery treatment in vivo application. Applications to aesthetics medicine and diabetology, recently published on Nature SR and launched on industrial academy spin-off companies, are reported: (i) laboratory tests of emulation on eggplants, (ii) ex-vivo tests on pig ears, and (iii) in-vivo tests on human volunteers. The Lecture is complemented by an insight into the related micro-instrumentation and the model definition by Artificial Intelligence.

Prof. Pasquale Arpaia is Director of the Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (HARHeMLab), as well as of Instrumentation and Measurement for Particle Accelerator (IMPALab), at University of Naples Federico II. He is also Team Manager at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). He has delivered more than 20 keynotes and has published more than 280 papers (3 on last 2 years on Nature Group) and 4 books. He is Associate Editor of the Institute of Physics Journal of Instrumentation, Elsevier Journal Computer Standards & Interfaces, and MDPI Instruments. He was Editor at Momentum Press of the Book Collection “Emerging Technologies in Measurements, Instrumentation, and Sensors”. In last years, he was scientific responsible of more than 30 awarded research projects in cooperation with industry, with related patents and international licenses, and funded 4 academic spin off companies. His PhD students were awarded in 2006 and 2010 at IEEE I2MTC, as well as in 2016 and 2012, 2018 at IMEKO TC-10 and World Conferences, respectively.